長毛兔養(yǎng)殖增效措施有哪些？
發(fā)布日期：2022-03-02
來源：http://m.114gov.cn 發(fā)布人：admin
1、選擇良種 我國的長毛兔良種主要有中系、德系、法系長毛兔。從20世紀(jì)80年代中期以來，我國又開展了長毛兔的選育工作，先后培育出了多個長毛兔新品系。像沂蒙長毛兔，1999年通過了山東省畜禽品種審定委員會的審定命名，具有產(chǎn)毛量高(年產(chǎn)毛量1830克)、粗毛率高(平均粗毛含量18.2%)、繁殖率高(平均產(chǎn)仔7.86只)、適應(yīng)性強、抗病力強和體型外貌一致、遺傳性能穩(wěn)定等特點，為公認(rèn)的長毛兔新品系。引種時應(yīng)注意選擇這些品種。
1. Selection of improved breeds the improved breeds of long haired rabbit in China mainly include Chinese long haired rabbit, German long haired rabbit and legal long haired rabbit. Since the mid-1980s, China has carried out the breeding of long haired rabbit, and has cultivated a number of new long haired rabbit lines. Yimeng long haired rabbit, for example, was approved and named by Shandong livestock and poultry variety Approval Committee in 1999. It is a recognized new strain of long haired rabbit with the characteristics of high wool yield (annual wool yield 1830g), high coarse wool rate (average coarse wool content 18.2%), high reproduction rate (average litter yield 7.86), strong adaptability, strong disease resistance, consistent body shape and appearance, stable genetic performance and so on. Attention should be paid to the selection of these excellent varieties during introduction.
2、選擇可靠的引種場 現(xiàn)在種兔場繁多，但有些種兔場種兔生產(chǎn)不規(guī)范，質(zhì)量難以保證。為防止受騙，引到純正的良種，應(yīng)從建場歷史較長，有較強的技術(shù)力量和一定生產(chǎn)規(guī)模，管理規(guī)范且具有當(dāng)?shù)厥屑壱陨闲竽林鞴懿块T頒發(fā)的《種畜禽生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營許可證》和《種畜禽合格證》的種兔場引種。
2. Select reliable introduction farms. There are many rabbit breeding farms now, but the production of rabbits in some rabbit breeding farms is not standardized and the quality is difficult to guarantee. In order to prevent being cheated and introduce pure and improved varieties, rabbit breeding farms with a long history of construction, strong technical force, certain production scale, standardized management and the production and operation license of breeding livestock and poultry and the qualification certificate of breeding livestock and poultry issued by the local competent animal husbandry department at or above the municipal level should be introduced.
3、選擇個體 不論是引種還是自家兔場留作種用的長毛兔個體，一定要具備典型的品種特征。要經(jīng)過細(xì)心的選擇，仔細(xì)觀察長毛兔的外部形態(tài)特點，如體型、體格、被毛密度(特別是腹毛、腿毛密度)。凡不符合本品種外貌特征的一定不能選作種用，有生理缺陷或畸形的，無論是先天性的還是后天性的，同樣不能選作種用。
3. The selection of excellent individuals, whether introduced or reserved for breeding in their own rabbit farm, must have typical breed characteristics. After careful selection, carefully observe the external morphological characteristics of long haired rabbits, such as body shape, physique and hair density (especially abdominal hair and leg hair density). Those that do not meet the appearance characteristics of this variety must not be selected for seed use. Those with physiological defects or deformities, whether congenital or acquired, cannot be selected for seed use.
4、嚴(yán)格選配種兔 一定要控制一定的血緣關(guān)系，杜絕近親交配。為了防止近交衰退現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)，要保持一定數(shù)量的基礎(chǔ)群，一般規(guī)模兔場，少應(yīng)有10只6個以上血統(tǒng)且血緣關(guān)系較遠(yuǎn)的種公兔，必要時可以從外地引進種公兔進行血緣更新，以減緩近交系數(shù)的上升，獲得高品質(zhì)的后代。
4. Strict selection of breeding rabbits must control a certain blood relationship and eliminate inbreeding. In order to prevent the decline of inbreeding, a certain number of basic groups should be maintained. Generally, there should be at least 10 male rabbits with more than 6 lineages and distant blood relationship in the rabbit farm. If necessary, male rabbits can be introduced from abroad for blood relationship renewal, so as to slow down the rise of inbreeding coefficient and obtain high-quality offspring.
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