長毛兔兔毛類型的劃分
發(fā)布日期：2019-06-18
來源：http://m.114gov.cn 發(fā)布人：admin
兔毛纖維按其粗細(xì)、長短、彎曲形態(tài)和髓層的發(fā)達(dá)程度，可將兔毛纖維大體分為細(xì)毛(絨毛)、兩型毛和粗毛(槍毛)3種類型。
Rabbit hair fibers can be roughly divided into three types: fine hair (villi), two types of hair and coarse hair (gun hair), according to their thickness, length, curved shape and the degree of development of medullary layer.
一、細(xì)毛
I. Fine Hair
細(xì)毛又稱絨毛。是長毛兔被毛中更柔軟纖細(xì)的毛纖維，呈波浪形彎曲，長5～12厘米，細(xì)度為7～30微米，平均為14.99微米，絨毛型兔的絨毛含量一般占被毛總量的80％～93％。絨毛型長毛兔的毛纖維質(zhì)量，在很大程度上取決于細(xì)毛纖維的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量，細(xì)毛在毛紡工業(yè)中適用于加工精紡產(chǎn)品如高檔純毛內(nèi)衣、內(nèi)褲和呢料等。
Fine hair is also called villus. It is the softest and slender wool fiber in the coat of long-haired rabbits. It is wavy, 5-12 cm long and 7-30 micron in fineness, averaging 14.99 micron. The wool content of the wool type rabbits generally accounts for 80-93% of the total coat. The wool quality of wool rabbit depends largely on the quantity and quality of fine wool fibers. Fine wool is suitable for processing worsted products such as high-grade pure wool underwear, underwear and high-grade fabrics in wool spinning industry.
鱗片一般呈環(huán)狀復(fù)疊式排列，鱗片端呈游離狀。髓層由單層多角細(xì)胞點(diǎn)狀縱向排列，因此，皮質(zhì)層相對較厚。
The scales are generally arranged in a circular cascade, and the scales end is free. The medullary layer is arranged longitudinally and punctually by monolayer polygonal cells, so the cortex is relatively thick.
二、兩型毛
Type II and Type II Hair
兩型毛是指單根毛纖維上有兩種纖維類型。纖維的上半段平直無卷曲，髓質(zhì)層發(fā)達(dá)，具有粗毛特征，纖維的下半段則較細(xì)，有不規(guī)則的卷曲，只由單排髓細(xì)胞組成，具有細(xì)毛特征。兩型毛細(xì)度為15-30微米，平均23.11微米。在被毛中含量較少，一般僅占1％～5％。兩型毛因粗細(xì)交接處直徑相差很大，極易斷裂，毛紡價值較低。
Two types of hair refer to two types of fibers on a single hair fiber. The first half of the fibers is straight and uncoiled, and the medullary layer is well developed. The second half of the fibers is thin and irregular. It is composed of only one row of medullary cells and has fine hair characteristics. The capillarity of the two types is 15-30 microns, with an average of 23.11 microns. In the coat, the content is less, generally only 1%-5%. The two types of wool are easy to break because of the great difference in diameter at the junction of roughness and fineness, and the value of wool spinning is low.
三、粗毛
3. Coarse hair
粗毛又稱槍毛或針毛。是兔毛中纖維更長、更粗的一種，直、硬，光滑，無彎曲，長度10～17厘米，細(xì)度31～120微米，平均為47.77微米，一般僅占被毛總量的5％～10％，粗毛型兔可達(dá)18％以上。粗毛耐磨性強(qiáng)，具有保護(hù)絨毛、防止結(jié)氈的作用。根據(jù)毛紡工業(yè)和兔毛市場的需要，目前粗毛率的高低已成為長毛兔劃分生產(chǎn)類型的一個重要性能指標(biāo)，粗毛型兔毛，適用于粗紡，如生產(chǎn)一般毛衣。
Coarse hair is also called gun hair or needle hair. It is the longest and thickest fibre in rabbit hair. It is straight, hard, smooth and without bending. Its length is 10-17 cm, and its fineness is 31-120 micron, averaging 47.77 micron. It generally only accounts for 5-10% of the total coat. Coarse-haired rabbits can reach more than 18%. Coarse wool has strong wear resistance, and has the function of protecting villus and preventing felting. According to the needs of wool textile industry and rabbit hair market, the roughness rate has become an important performance index for long-wool rabbits to classify production types. Coarse rabbit hair is suitable for woolen spinning, such as the production of general sweaters.
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